Fluconazole
DiflucanPubChem CID 3365 · 3D model
Drag to rotate. Scroll or pinch to zoom.
Blocks a fungal enzyme needed to build ergosterol, the substance that keeps a fungus's cell membrane intact, causing the membrane to break down and the fungus to stop growing.
How it works
Fluconazole blocks an enzyme that fungi need to make ergosterol, a substance that keeps their cell membrane strong and stable. Without enough ergosterol, the fungal cell membrane becomes weak and leaky, which stops the fungus from multiplying. Human cells rely on a similar enzyme, but fluconazole is much less likely to affect it, so the drug targets fungi while largely sparing our own cells. Some fungi can eventually develop resistance by altering or pumping out the drug, which is why the correct dose and length of treatment matter.
What it’s used for
Used to treat vaginal yeast infections, oral thrush and yeast infections of the esophagus, and cryptococcal meningitis, a serious fungal infection of the lining around the brain, including in people with AIDS. Also used to prevent yeast infections in bone marrow transplant patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation.
- Mechanism
- Inhibits fungal CYP450 lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase
- Drug class
- Small molecule
- Therapeutic area
- Antifungal